Uhlu Lwezindaba ze-AI 9: Ubona Kanjani Ukunemba Kohlelo Lwemibuzo Yolwazi?

Ukunemba kuwumgogodla oyisisekelo wezinhlelo zemibuzo yolwazi, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukuzisebenzisa ezimeni ezinzima (ezifana nezokwelapha, ezomthetho, ukusekelwa kwangaphakathi kwenkampani). Umbono wami ungafingqwa kanjena: Ukunemba umqondo onezinhlangothi eziningi, akufanele ubheke inombolo eyodwa kuphela, kodwa kufanele uhlanganise amandla ohlelo, ubunzima bomsebenzi, kanye nezindleko zokungaqondi ukuze uhlole ngokuphelele.

Ngezansi nginikezela ngezingxenye ezine:

I. Ukunemba akuyona nje "impendulo elungile/engalungile"

Izinkinga zokuhlukanisa ezijwayelekile (ezifana nokuqashelwa kwezithombe) zinokunemba okucacile. Kodwa izinhlelo zemibuzo yolwazi ziyahluka. Izinhlangothi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

Ingxenye	Incazelo	Isibonelo Sokuhlola
Izinga lokutholwa	Ingabe uhlelo luyakwazi ukubuyisela imibhalo equkethe izimpendulo ezilungile emtatsheni wolwazi?	Umsebenzisi ubuza "Imali engenayo yenkampani A ngo-2024", ingabe uhlelo luyakwazi ukuthola lowo mqulu wezimali oqukethe leyo datha?
Ukwethembeka kokukhiqiza	Ingabe izimpendulo ezikhiqizwa imodeli zisekelwe ngokuqinile kulokho okutholiwe, hhayi ukuqamba?	Imibhalo etholiwe ayisho "izinga lokukhula", kodwa imodeli ithi "yakhula ngo-5%" → akuthembekile
Ukunemba kwempendulo	Ingabe impendulo yokugcina iyavumelana namaqiniso (noma izimpendulo eziyisiqinisekiso)?	Impendulo elungile ithi "R42 billion", imodeli ikhiphe "R42 billion" noma "cishe R42 billion" kungabalwa njengokulungile
Izinga lokwenqaba	Uma emtatsheni wolwazi kungekho lwazi oluhlobene, ingabe uhlelo luyakwazi ukuthi "angazi" kunokuqagela?	Uma ukuthola kungenalutho noma ukuzethemba kuphansi, kukhiphe "Uxolo, alukho ulwazi olutholakele"

Uhlelo lungase lube nezinga eliphezulu lokutholwa (luhlale lithola izigaba ezihlobene), kodwa lube nokwethembeka okuphansi kokukhiqiza (luhlale lungeza okungekho), ekugcineni ukunemba kusaba kubi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubuka ukunemba, qala ucace ukuthi ulinganisa iyiphi ingxenye.

II. Ngaphansi kwezinga lobuchwepheshe lamanje, ukunemba kwezinhlelo ze-RAG kungafinyelela kuphi?

Awekho amanani afanayo, kodwa ungabheka ezinye izifundo ezipapashiwe nezenziwayo:

Imibuzo elula yamaqiniso (umugqa owodwa, impendulo ibonakala ngqo kumqulu owodwa):
Izinga lokutholwa lingafinyelela ku-90-98% (kuye ngekhwalithi yomthombo wolwazi nomtholi), ukwethembeka kokukhiqiza ngaphansi kwemiyalo eklanywe kahle kungaba ngu-95%+, futhi ukunemba okuphelele kungaba phakathi kuka-85-95%.
Ukucabanga okunezinyathelo eziningi (udinga ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluvela emiqulwini emibili noma ngaphezulu):
Izinga lokuthola liyawa libe ngu-50-70%, futhi ukunemba kwempendulo kungase kube ngu-40-60%. Lokhu kuyinkinga enkulu ye-RAG njengamanje.
Indawo evulekile enomthombo wolwazi onomsindo (njengamakhasi ewebhu amaningi):
Ukunemba kuyehla kakhulu, ngoba ukuthola kungase kwethule umsindo, futhi imodeli ilahlekelwe kalula.

Isiphetho: Endaweni elawulwayo (umthombo ohlanzekile, ohlelekile, imiqulu efanele), i-RAG ingafinyelela ukunemba okungaphezu kuka-90%; kodwa ezimeni eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezivulekile, ezidinga izinyathelo eziningi, ukunemba ngokuvamile akuwenelisi, futhi kudinga ukuthuthukiswa okuningi.

III. Izici eziyinhloko ezinomthelela ekunembeni

Uma uthola ukuthi uhlelo lwakho lwe-RAG alunembi kahle, ungahlola lezi zingxenye ezine:

Umthombo wolwazi uqobo
Ingabe idatha isiphelelwe yisikhathi, ayiphelele, noma inamaphutha?
Ingabe imiqulu ixakekile (isb. imishini yokuskena engakahlonzwa, amathebula ahlukaniswe abe yizinhlamvu ezinganyakazi)?
Ukuhlukanisa nokukhomba
Izingcezu zombhalo zinqunywe kakhulu → ukulahlekelwa umongo; zinde kakhulu → ukuhlangana nomsindo.
Ingabe imodeli yokushumeka ifanele umkhakha wakho (imodeli ejwayelekile ingase ingasebenzi kahle emagameni ezomthetho)?
Isu lokuthola
Ukusebenzisa ukuthola okuse-vector kuphela kungase kunganaki amagama abalulekile (isb. izinhlobo zemikhiqizo).
Ukungahleli kabusha okungakhuphulanga kungaholela ekutheni imiphumela engafanele ihlanganiswe phambili.
Ingxenye yokukhiqiza
Ingabe imiyalo icacisa ukuthi "phendula ngokusekelwe kulokho okunikeziwe kuphela, uma kungenele yeka"?
Ingabe ikhono lemodeli lanele (imodeli encane ingase ingaboni imininingwane emongweni omude)?

Iphutha elivamile: Ukusola ukungakwazi kwemodeli ye-LLM ngenxa yokunemba okuphansi, kodwa empeleni iningi lezinkinga likusu lokuthola nokuklanywa kwemiyalo.

IV. Indlela yokubuka ukunemba ngendlela efanele - izimo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile emsebenzini

1. Beka izisekelo ezifanele nokulindeleke

Emikhakheni enobungozi obukhulu (ukuxilonga kwezokwelapha, izeluleko ezingokomthetho), ngisho nokunemba okungu-90% akwanele; kufanele kufakwe ukuhlola komuntu noma ukuqinisekisa okuphindaphindiwe.
Ezimeni ezinobungozi obuphansi (ukusekelwa kwamakhasimende, ukusesha ulwazi kwangaphakathi), ukunemba okungu-80% kanye nempendulo ethi "angazi" enobungani kungase kuthuthukise umsebenzi kakhulu.

2. Ungafuni ukunemba okungu-100%, funa "ukunemba okungaqinisekiswa"

Yenza uhlelo luhlanganise ngokuzenzakalelayo umthombo wokucaphuna (lucaphune isiphi isihloko, isiphi isigaba).
Umsebenzisi angabona umbhalo wangempela aqinisekise, noma impendulo iphutha ngezikhathi ezithile, ukungafihli kungakha ukwethenjwa.
Faka isilinganiso sokuzethemba, uma uphansi yazisa ukuthi "le mpendulo ayinakuqinisekiswa, siceba ubhekisise umqulu wangempela".

3. Bheka ukunemba njengento eqhubekayo ethuthukiswayo, hhayi umgomo owodwa

Yakha ipayipi lokuhlola: ngezikhathi ezithile khipha iqoqo lemibuzo ehlolwe ngabantu, uhlole ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokuthola nokwethembeka kokukhiqiza.
Sebenzisa amathuluzi afana ne- RAGAS, TruLens ukuze uhlole ngohlelo, kunokuba uncike ezibonelweni ezimbalwa.
Ngokuya ngezigameko ezimbi, shintsha: indlela yokuhlukanisa, imingcele yomtholi, imodeli yokuhlela kabusha, imiyalo.

4. Hlukanisa "iphutha lohlelo" kanye "nokungavumelani namazinga abantu"

Ngezinye izikhathi impendulo ehlinzekwa uhlelo ihlukile kulokho umsebenzisi alindele, kodwa ngokulandela umthombo wolwazi ngaphakathi kuhlelo, impendulo ilungile (ngoba umthombo wolwazi unomkhawulo noma impikiswano).
Lapho kudingeka: ukunemba kusekelwe emaqinisweni omthombo wolwazi noma emaqinisweni avunyiwe ngaphandle?

Isiphetho sokugcina

Ukunemba kohlelo lwemibuzo yolwazi akuyona inkomba engashintshi efana namaphuzu aphelele, kodwa inani elihlanganisa "ukufakwa kolwazi + ukunemba kokuthola + ukwethembeka kokukhiqiza + ikhono lokwenqaba". Lapho ulibuka, kufanele uqaphele ngokuhlangenwe nakho ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bamanje abukwazi ukufeza okuphelele, kodwa futhi ngezindlela zokucaphuna, izinkomba zokuzethemba, nokusebenza ngokubambisana nomuntu, ungasebenzisa empeleni emsebenzini.